Furnace tuyere



y 1932- H. E. PRESTON 1,860,296

FURNACE TUYERE Filed Aug. 4, 1928 6 Sheets-"sheet 1 @rngya,

May 24, 1932.

H. E. PRESTON FURNACE TUYERE Filed Aug. 4. 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 24,1932. H. E. PRESTON 1,860,296

FURNACE 'TUYERE Filed Aug. 4, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Hr effiffiasn- 6fifi gii y 24, 1932- m 7H. E. PRESTON 1,860,296

FURNACE TUYERE Filed Aug. '4, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 24, 1932.

H. E. PRESTON FURNACE TUYERE Filed Aug. 4, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet, 5

locking relation therewith:-

Patentecl May 24, 1932 PENNSYLVANIA summon My' 'invention' "relates tomeans for and method ofmanufacturing tu yere, blocks; and itha's' forone object the provision of a tuyere that shall be particularlyapplicable to the furnaces of"cen tral-station power plants, whereinhighly preheated air is passed throughthe s'toker tuyeres. The usualtuyere in, such installation deteriorates very rapidly, since it is notonlysubj ect to the heating effect of the furnace, but also to that ofthe preheated'air which very'frequently exceeds a temperature of400 F.

f-A'nother object of myinvention is to provide a tuyre, wherein theportions directly exposed to the'heat'ed fuel-of the furnace isso'associated with another less exposed portion as topermit alimitedrelative-movement therebetween, so that excessive strains are notestablished in either portion of the tuyere in the event of the unevenheating thereof.

-A' further object-of my invention is to provide 'a method of making afuel-engaging element comprising interlocked portions having a limitedrelative movement, which'consists in casting one of said portions aboutthe other, the coefficient-of expansion of the ma' terial'in thecast-portion being different from that of the material in the otherportion.

A still further object of my inventionis to provide a tuyere block ofthe character de-' scribed comprising a portion of ferrous materialjandanother portion of carborundum or ceramic material, the ferrous portionbeing east about the carborundum portion in inter- A stillfurther'ob'e'ct of myinvention is to provide a tuyere block, wherein a carborumdu-m 01" c'eramicprotective block is mounted on 'ajplurality offinsextending from a base member- 0f the tuyere; the fins defining passagesterminating inwardly of the outer edge of the protective block.

f still further object of my invention isto provide' a tuyere blockwhich is'characterized by its simplicity of design, ease of constructionand the absence-of bolt'sor screws for securing together the parts ofthe tuyere.

Q'Othe'r obj ect'sj "and applications of my inventiomas we'll as'detailsof construction and "oper tion, whrebyth'e same may be prac.

niiiaiarlnr nfrse ompamimmmmx, PENNSYLVANIA,VASSIGNORTO Aiyrnmoiiit-NGINE RING COM ANY, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION 01TUYE'RE i 1,gnpplication filed aiignst 4, 1928. Serial No, 237,494.

ticed, will be apparent more fully herein after, when taken inconnection with the companying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is alongitudinal sectionalview of one portion of a furnace embodying myinvention; i 1

Figs. 2 and 3 are to plan and side elevational views, respective of oneof the tuyere' blocks shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view takenon the line 4-4 of'Fig. 2';

Figs. 5 and 6. are top plan and side'elevatlonal views, respectively, ofthe base member of the tuyere block with the carborundu'm;

protective blocks removed;

Figs. 7 and 8 are sectional views taken on the lines 77 and 8- 8,respectively, of i I i i Fig. 9 is a bottom plan view of thestructureofFig.5; 7 q

FigsrlO and 11 are detail, top plan'and' side elevational views,respectively, of' one IC f of the carborundum protective blocks shown inFig.2;

Fig. 12 is a top plan View of an alternative embodiment of my invention;1

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view' taken on the line 13-13 ofFig. 12; r T

Figs. 14 and Liars top plan and side ele vational views, respectively,of the tuyereshown in Fig. 12; and p p Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional'view taken;

on the line 16-16 of Fig. 12.

The usual stoker tuyere isneither designed nor adapted for I furnacesystems, whereinhighly preheated air is employed, inasmuchas thetuyereis subject to contact not only with the hot fuel but also thepreheatedfair, with resulting rapiddeterioration.- 1

In accordance with my invention, a tuyere is provided wherein theportion directly ex posed to contact with the hot fuel is formed of anon-metallic, Wear-resisting material ca'-' carbon and silicon havingthe trade-name car V pable of retaining its mechanical and struc j larlyinclined rear side 31. Alower edge 32,

borundum. The remaining surface portion of the tuyere, which is lessdirectly exposed to the heat of the furnace, may-be formed of "a ferrousmaterial. I

I For purposes of illustration, a furnace em 7 ployinghighly preheatedair is shown in Fig;

1. I As; thereindisclosed, an inclined, multi-V ple-retort stoker 1 ofthe underfeed type eX- tends rearwardly from a furnace opening 2 in afront wall "3 to an ashpocket 4. The

stokerl maycomprise a pluralityof series of I inclined 'tuyeres 5 and acorresponding plurality of series of retorts 6 alternatingth-ere-= with,only one series of each, however, being shown. A sufiicient number ofseries of inclined tuyeres 5 and retorts 6 is provided to extend acrossthe width of the furnacebe 30. The temperature of the air, which issupplied tothe tuyeres5 and then discharged into the furnace, may exceeda value of 400 F. o The actual passage of the preheated air through thetuyere is illustrated by the dotted l'ine arrows shown in Figs. 2 and 3.As is customary, the tuyeres 5are made up of a series of tuyre blocks.Each of these; blocks comprises main body portion 13 ,formed of a flat,thin base plate composed of a ferrous material.

The plate 13, of which; Fig- 5 is a detailview, comprises afront orouter portion 14- and a rear-or inner nose, portion 15. An aperture 16isformed inthe frontportion for the receptionv ofa projection 17 whichdepends from an undersidelS of the next higher v tuyere block. Theopening-1 6 and the pro jectionsl'i' are positioned in the longitudinalcenter line of the tuyere. i

The front porti-on14 is also provided with a. pair oflongitudinally-extending side edge portions 19 and 21, which arepositioned inwardly of outer edge portions 22 and 23 and interconnectedtherewith by transverse .edge portions 24, and 25, respectively. Theedge portions22 and 23 may be notched at 26 and 2.7., The transverseedgeportions 24and 25 are projected. rearw'ardly and downwardlyby means,of the flanges 28 having an inclined .front'side 29 adapted to bemounted onran adjacent side plate (not shown) and'asimiof-therearward-lyinclined flange 2,8 is adapt I ed 'to rest on annpper side portion Fig,4,

of the.'next-lowerqtuyereblock. The rear I or nose portion. 15 of thebase platel3. is-

provided with curved side edges 34 and 35 '7 which termlnate in atransverse edge portion 36 having a forwardly-extending. recess end edgeportions of the base-plate 13gare protected by a pair of carborundumblocks 38 and. 39. The block 38, of which Figs. 10 and 11 are detail,plan andside elevational' views, respectively, is provided witlran inneredge 41 having an upper' beveled portion 42 and a lower vertical portion43. Thebeveled edgeportion 42 fits against the side edge portions 19 and34 of the base plate 13 which are provided with a complementary bevel.The bevel of these edge; portions; issuchthat the base plate 13; tends.to.fprevent the;,.1)ro

tective block 38 from. moving upwardly ,Theblock 38 is: alsoprovidedrwith a transs;

verse edge portion 44,,which -abuts in the center-line of thetuyereandpartiall$ closing the open sideof the receSs3 -Zt A;longitudinal edge 45, extendi g from the transverse edge 44,, positionimmediately adjacent to a. corresponding? edge portion 46 of theotherprotecti-ve bljock 39. V 1 The edge terminates ina. curved portion47 ofan outer edge 48, of theblockgt; as shown in. Fig.10. The outeredge 48vv portion 19, ofthe base plate; 13,. 1Afront edge 51 is.positioned'inunediately adjaoentto the edge 24 of the base,plate 13.., r

' The frontportienj of -the-,side block is provided with a dependingprojer-ztion: .52, Figs. 9I1and 10', an-ends1irfaee-53-0f; V is bevel-edcomplementarilytothe; surfaeef of the base plateflangeo28,;,the;latter{con-' stituting an abutment therefor. An under:

side 54 of the projection 52 normally engages an adjacent upperside-portion 5'5,; Eig. 4,- ofthe next lower tuyereblock; It is notedthat this portion of the protective sideeblock; 38 is, mounted onrtheprotective block of the; next lower tuyere .block, :but noton; the baseplate thereof, while the, supporting surface .32 of the ibaserplateprojection 28 is supported on'the adjacent base-plate portionof thenext: F lower tuyere block but not on theearhorundum. portion thereof,thereby: preventinggthe separation of. the carborundum and. base-M plateportions of any one tuyere bl ock-bythe; usual forces incident to. themounting tliyeresaswell as furnace operation-5;. I

A front portion; 56 of the inner vertical edge-i43jabutsagainst;aniadjacent side; 57 of'a depending fiange 58.;Thefiange58 is extended.

outwardly by .meansof a .horizontal flange which is positioned inspaeedrelation to the, lower edge 3210f the inclined: flange; 28-6flange59=extendsinte the fiangeflfifiat end, while the other end is provded With a portion- ,61 having, an .inwardiy and; fee- According to myinvention, the sideand rwaeig f the o is: the: rear edge 36, terminatingmilestantia ally I5 extends forwardly into. a1longitedinall"por tion 49which. is parallel. to thelongitudinal.

wardly-extending edge 62. fiAn outer edge 63 of the horizontal flange 59is positioned inwardly of an edge 64 of the inclinedflange 28, asshownin Fig. 5.

Aninner corner 65 of the block projcction'r 52 is provided withaninwardlyex'tendinghorizontal recess 66 adapted to receive the,horizontal locking flange 59 of thejbase pla 13. The flange 59 serves toprevent a vertical movement of the adjacent portion-of the" protectiveblock, supplementing the=lock1ngi action of the beveled side edgeportions 19 and 42. It is noted, however, thatxthis .end of theprotective block 38 may be readily dis-v engaged from the horizontalshoulder 59 upon a rearward longitudinal movement thereof. A rear noseportion 67 .of the pro-' tective block 38 may besupported, so that theupper side thereof is "in alignment with the upper side of the baseplate 13, by means. of a plurality of fins 68, 69 and 71 ofprogressively decreasing pitch from the. side pro: jection 54Iof theprotective block 38to the longitudinal center-line of the tuyere block.The end fin 68 forms with an inclined side 72-of the .projection 54 anair passage 73-.f

The fins 68 and 69 together form an air passage 74. The fins 69 and 71form a passage 7 5. The fin 71 and a corresponding fin 72, which isassociated with the other protective block 39, are in spacedrelation toform an air passage 7 ,6 which is in longitudinal center;line of thetuyere block. v

Inner or rear ends 77, 78, 79 and 80 of the fins 68, 69, 71 and 72,respectively, are ter-' minated just inwardly of the adjacent edge ofthe tuyere block nose, so that theseveral air passages 73, 74, 75 and 76are not extended to the very edge of the tuyere nose and a marginal airpassage 81 is formed intercon-l nectingthe air passagesv73, 74, 75 and76. Since the outlet openings of these air pas sages are positionedinwardly of the exposed nose edge-portion, difficulties heretofore en- 7countered by reason of the molten slag blocking the air-passage outletopenings are substantially eliminated. For example, should.

An upward movement of: the nose portion of the protective block 38relative to the supporting fins is prevented by integral tapered lugs 82and 83 which extend upwardly from the fins 68 and 69 through taperedapertures 84. and ,85, respectively, inthe protective block 38.- 1Relative longitudinal movement. "of the nose portions oftheprotectivewblocks 38*a-nd 3.9, as well as ans'upward movement thereof"away. :from, .the supportingrfins 71" j and 72, is prevented by. a lug:86 which ex 1 tends upwardly through adjacent recesses 87 and-88in theedge portions45 and 46 of the.

blocks .38fand 39, -respectively.- vLongitudinal sides 89,189. of the:integral locking lug-86 are beveled downwardly randiinwardlyz to'wardrthe center-line ofthe tuyere .zblocki Transverse sides '91, 91 {arealso' oppositely beveledcso as to lock securely the adjacent noseportions of theprotect'ive blocks 38 and 39in position.'{ Theprotectiveblock 38 is thuslocked in position atits rear end bystheintegral locking lugs 82, 83 and 86 oftthe-fin s horizontal :should'er59of the base plateq13; Thebeveling of the edges i34-aand 41 ofthe baseplate13 and the: protective block 38, respective ly,is also such as 'toprevent-an ups;

ward movement ofthe protective :blockq38w The protective block 39' issimilarlymounted, locked in position, and provided with air.

passages terminating inwardlyaof the edge thereof so as to form amarginal air passage.

in communication withthe marginal passage The fins 71 m mania Save atsup}; porting lug for the tuyere block, Wherebyfth'e nose thereof maybe'inounted .on then'ext lower tuyere block, Fig. 4. Supporting surfaces 92 of thefins 71and'72are positioned in thesame plane asthesupporting surfaces 32 afforded by the base-plate side flanges 28, 28,Additional. supporting surfaces :93

by the remainingfins associated with the p'ro tective blocks 38 and39."v,

A locking lug for-the nose of; the tuyerc block is formed by a pair. of-L-shaped1pro-b jections 94 and 95, Figs. 3'and 4, from the 1 Iunderside of the fins =71:and.;72which-.are

adapted to fitthe opening 37- in the nose-pore tion 15 of the nextlowerbase plate, 1.3. The opening 37 is rearwardly undercut, asshown.

for the nose of the tuyere blockare provided; v

in Figs. 4 and 9, forming, beveled :locljrin'gi shoulders 96 and97, forvrearwardly-project; ing lips 98 and 99 of the spaced, projections 94and. 95. The locking projections94 and are spaced-to forin an. air,passa g e 1 O1" therebetween, so that the main, air passages:

76 of theynext lower'tuyere block'maynot closed by the locki'nglug, Theopposite sidesf of the locking projections 94 and 95 a at against adjacentsides 102 and 103 of the 71*and 72. The tuyer'e'blo'ck is thuslocked in desired relation to adjacent tuyere block of the'series bymeans ofthe locking projection- 17 of the next higher tuy'ere block,which fits the aperture 16 in the front portion 14"of the base. plate13,= and by means of the locking lug formed by the projections "94"-andI95 which extends: into the'grecess 37 of-the next V, lowerituyrr block"and engages the shoulders:9h amd97ithereofa A preferred. method ofmaking sists inspositioni-ng the protective ,blocksi38 in: a moldifinot'shown), and then cast in'gxthe' iron vbase .plate13: with itsfin's'fa'nd.

locking lugs andi shoulders; Since the ico-i eflicient oi expansioniotthe cast iron is different from that of thecarborundum blocks, 38 ma 39;hentheformer cools, shrinkage occurs, so that the carborundumbl-ockshave :a limited movement'- relative to the supportingjbaseplate 13'.Such limited movementis- I of considerable importance duringnormaloperating-conditions when the uneven heating'ofithe directly exposed andless exposed tuyere. block portions, as Well as the differences inthecoefficients of expansion f the;

carborundum and iron portions,.- results in' a' relative movementtherebetween. -I fthese portions were so rigidly secured together as toprevent such'relative movements, then ex} cessivestrainsz would bedeveloped, resulting in the early destruction-of-the tuyere blocks.

My invention embodies an alternative form of tuyreyblochof which Figs.12 to 16', 'in-' elusive; are detaii views; As therein shown; the tuyreblock comprises broadly a base-'- plate structure 104 of castiron,a-pair of carbornndu'm side blocks 105 and 106- andcarboru-ndumnose block 107." The side block 1-05 issinterlocked with the base plate104 by means offianges 108' and 169, while the oppositesid'e block. 106is secured in position by similar flanges 1-11 and 112.". Afrear-"portion 113 of the base plate 1 04- is provided with an offsetportionformin'ga vertical Wall 114:,

which-is provided with an aperture l lzyfor the passage of airtherethrough. The ofl set portion is provided with lookingshoulders 116"and II? for securing .,the ca-rborund'um nose 107 inposition.undersidellS oftheofi'set'portion re'stsdirectly on the next lowertuy're block and is provided with a'd'epe'ndf ringhook' 1 19'. The frontportion of the base shoulders.

plate 104' is spaced fromthe'nex tlower tuyre' block by the flanges-108-and 1-11 forming an air passage in communication Withthe-aper WhileI'll-ave shown several; embodiments:

0t mayi invention for; theqpnrpose ozf-u'describi ing thesame ityappears that various-"changes? V and modificationszmayebe mad e -therei-nwith 1; tuyre block comprisingv a; base mem [block max beriiand:protective: mans for said bas'e member? hinting a pair or?rearweirdly-extending side; *m'eim bersr terminating in aend-.Yportions"v constituting a no se oftithe'.tuyere' block -wi tu'yereblock I comprising a"basei mem ber :prote ctiveineans for said basemember comprising a pair of i rearward-ly -e'x tendi-ngf s demeinbers.termlnating 1n end portions forming anose of the tuyerebl'ock,and means whereby said side 7 members and said basemember may bel'oos'ely interconn ected.

A tuyre blockgfor' a furnace comprismg a "base member having a rear endand a pa r'- of protective slde members, 'sa1d-'s1de members; extendingrearvvardly; s0 that the rear end of-said' base member is surrounded Vand the nose of said tuyel'e block completed;

daf-ae a ell .fr mia spirit hf lily and means whereby the rear endportion of c c said side members maybe loosely interlockedjwithsaidbaseunember;

I 4; Atuyere block for'afurna'ce comp afbase member having;a"nose-"p0rtion a pair of protectlveember havmg-a nose portion and afront endp'ortlon, said protec five members extending; rearwardly so;that;

" the nose portion of-said 'base member is"sui rounded, andneans'wvhereby the nose -porf tion o'f 'said protective m'ember'sma-y-be' loose- 5. tuyr'e block comprising a basejm'ein ber' havingarear'end port10n', and a "slde member having a rear endport'ioni"coiistitut V ing at leasta part of the nose of saidtuyefeblock, the end portion of s aid 'side member having anaperture, saidbase member' hav v ing' an integral locking'lug positioned in fg'aiidaperture, the front end" ofsaid'sifde member? being beveled andprovided Withfa' recess, the 1 adjacent portion of'said base memberhaving a a complementary beveled portion'and also provided: "with ahorizontallocking lug sitioned in said recess.--- 6; Astokertuyere blockco prising" afba se" aprotective member havingan i ne -gadgeportlon, theed'ge portion of said "basemem be r being beveled, the inner edgeoiisa-id' side member having: a 1 complementary bevel;

whereby; said base lnembermay tend to-pre-:

portionsinfonedirection.

' venta relative' movementbetween said edge of-a seriesipi ovided withan a i'r-pas'sageg'sai'd tuj ere block also havingalocking 'm aaapa; edto co-act with an adjacent portioniof the next adj acent' tfuyereblock,v said lug having an air'pas'sage'Tconsti-tuting one portionoffthe' air passage; of said next -adjacen' uyere r. A tiiyere'block'i'adapted'itocomprise the member .liavingxan outer edgej portiom'and 7 r .8. A tuyere blocki ad-apted tdicomprisii of. a series, saidtuyere .bloclr ihaving ia sup:

12. A tuyre block for a furnace compris- 1,seo,2ee a 5 porting lugwhereby said tuyere may be mounted on the next adjacent tuyere, saidsupporting lug being provided with an air passage, and a locking lugadapted to ex- 5 tend from said tuyere block into engagement with saidnext adjacent tuyre block and provided with an air passage, whereby theair passage formed by the supporting lugs of said next adjacent tuyereblock may be pre- 10 vented from being closed by said lockinglug.

9. A tuyere block adapted to comprise one of a series provided with apair of spaced fins extending forwardly from the nose of said tuyreblock so as to define an air passage therebetween, said fins serving tosupport the nose of saidtuyere block on the next adjacent tuyere blockand also provided with spaced projections forming an air passagetherebetween as well'as a locking lug.

10. A tuyre block adapted to'comprise one of a series, said tuyere blockhaving a raised portion projecting from'one face and extendingrearwardly from the inner endof said tuyre block, said raised portionbeing provided with a longitudinal air passage and also alocking lugcomprising spaced portions adapted to constitute one part of thecorresponding air passage of the next lower tuyre block, said raisedportion having a shoulder adapted to engage the looking lug of the nexthigher tuyre block. g

11. A tuyere block provided with a plurality of fins, and a pair ofprotective blocks forming the nose of said tuyere block, said blockshaving abutting edges disposed in substantially the longitudinalcenterline of the tuyere and having adjacent recesses, an ad'- jacentpair of fins having a single locking lug positioned in said recesses.

ing a base member having a nose portion, a plurality of protectivemembers surrounding said nose portion, and means for loosely securingsaid protective members to the base member.

HERBERT E. PRESTON,

